{"id":3636,"date":"2025-10-21T15:11:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T13:11:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.paneuropa.at\/?p=3636"},"modified":"2025-10-21T15:11:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T13:11:17","slug":"opernpremiere-mitten-im-krieg","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pan.thatscommunication.de\/en\/opernpremiere-mitten-im-krieg\/","title":{"rendered":"Opernpremiere mitten im Krieg \/ Opera Premiere in the Midst of War"},"content":{"rendered":"

In Czernowitz in der Ukraine wurde eine fast 250 Jahre verschollene Oper wieder aufgef\u00fchrt. Dmytro Bortniansky hat sie in Venedig komponiert. Geradezu revolution\u00e4r f\u00fcr die damalige Zeit des Absolutismus endet das Werk mit einer Volkswahl. <\/span>Von Rainhard Kloucek<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Find English version below!<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Wir fahren ins toxikologische Institut (in Kyiv). Die Ansage klang etwas befremdlich, denn ausgemacht war ein Treffen mit jenen Leuten, die die Urauff\u00fchrung einer fast ein Vierteljahrtausend verschollenen Oper organisieren. Wobei der Begriff Urauff\u00fchrung nicht ganz korrekt ist. Die Oper wurde bereits 1776 (also vor fast 250 Jahren) im Teatro San Benedetto in Venedig uraufgef\u00fchrt. Doch in der Ukraine darf man mit vielen \u00dcberraschungen rechnen. Das toxikologische Institut in Kyiv ist eine staatliche Einrichtung. Aber privat finanziert.<\/span><\/p>\n

Und weil das gut funktioniert, hat die Leitung, in Absprache mit der Belegschaft, beschlossen, in die Kulturf\u00f6rderung zu investieren. Einen Teil dieses Projektes kann man im Institut in einer Bildergalerie bewundern.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stadtfest anl\u00e4sslich der Stadterhebung<\/span><\/h5>\n

Der andere Teil, n\u00e4mlich die \u201eUrauff\u00fchrung\u201c der Oper, war am 3. Oktober zu sehen und h\u00f6ren. In Czernowitz, in der Bukowina, jenem westlichen Gebiet der Ukraine das vor exakt 250 Jahren zu \u00d6sterreich, unter habsburgische Regierung kam. Mykola Prodanchuk, der Leiter des toxikologischen Institutes, stammt ebenfalls aus Czernowitz. Das Datum 3. Oktober war auch nicht zuf\u00e4llig gew\u00e4hlt, denn am ersten Wochenende im Oktober findet in Czernowitz das Stadtfest statt, in Erinnerung an die Stadterhebung. Auch w\u00e4hrend des Vernichtungskrieges, den Russland gegen die Ukraine f\u00fchrt. Vor der Opernpremiere fand an der Universit\u00e4t ein Festakt zum 150. Geburtstag dieser Universit\u00e4t statt. Auch das ist kein Zufall, denn die Universit\u00e4t wurde anl\u00e4sslich des Jubil\u00e4ums 100 Jahre Bukowina bei \u00d6sterreich gegr\u00fcndet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Die schlaue Kalkulation der Czernowitzer<\/span><\/h5>\n

Es ist diese Opernauff\u00fchrung auch ein Geschenk an \u00d6sterreich, sagt Mykola Prodanchuk, ein Danke an \u00d6sterreich und die vielen \u00d6sterreicherinnen und \u00d6sterreicher, die die Ukraine im Verteidigungskampf unterst\u00fctzen um \u00fcberleben zu k\u00f6nnen. Das Theatergeb\u00e4ude (wo die Oper aufgef\u00fchrt wurde) in Czernowitz ist ein typischer Bau aus der Monarchie, vom ber\u00fchmten Architektenduo Helmer und Fellner. Sie haben manches Theatergeb\u00e4ude in der Monarchie errichtet. Die Czernowitzer waren damals schon klug, sagt man, sie haben n\u00e4mlich nach dem ersten Kostenvoranschlag beschlossen zu warten. Helmer & Fellner w\u00fcrden das Geb\u00e4udekonzept auch in anderen St\u00e4dten umsetzen, f\u00fcr Czernowitz w\u00fcrde es dann billiger werden. So die Kalkulation, die auch eingetreten ist.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201eCreonte\u201c ist der Titel der Oper. Komponiert hat sie Dmytro Bortniansky. Ein Ukrainer, den die Ukrainer nun wieder entdecken, da er ein durchaus wichtiger Komponist seiner Zeit war. Er war mit Mozart und anderen Gr\u00f6\u00dfen der Zeit in Kontakt und wurde von ihnen sehr gesch\u00e4tzt. Gewirkt hat er unter anderem in Venedig aber auch in St. Petersburg. Das Libretto von Creonte hat Marco Coltellini geschrieben.<\/span><\/p>\n

Der Komponist aus einer Kosakenfamilie<\/span><\/h5>\n

Dmytro Bortniansky war gerade einmal 25 Jahre alt und noch Student, als er die Oper komponierte. Er stammt aus einer Kosaken-Familie, der Vater war ein milit\u00e4rischer Anf\u00fchrer bei den Kosaken, also stammt er aus einer noblen, adeligen Familie. Sie lebte in Hlukhiv, der Hauptstadt des ukrainischen Hetmanats.<\/span><\/p>\n

Die Ukraine war damals kein eigener Staat, die Heimat von Dmytro Bortniansky russisch besetzt. Und weil er auch in St. Petersburg gelebt und gewirkt hat, wird er von Russland gerne als Russe interpretiert. Aus heutiger Sicht auch passend, denn die russische F\u00fchrung spricht der Ukraine ja das eigene Existenzrecht ab.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nach fast 250 Jahren in Portugal entdeckt<\/span><\/h5>\n

Das lassen sich die Ukrainer nicht gefallen. Dmytro Bortniansky ist ein wichtiger Teil der kulturellen Identit\u00e4t der Ukraine. Seine Oper Creonte war \u00fcber fast 250 Jahre verschollen. Erst 2023 wurde sie in einem Archiv in Lissabon, also in Portugal wieder entdeckt.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Eine orchestrale Auff\u00fchrung hat es schon gegeben. In Kyiv. Musikalisch geleitet von Maestro Herman Makarenko. Die szenische Auff\u00fchrung von Creonte ist also eine erste Wiederauff\u00fchrung eines Werkes, das vor einem Vierteljahrtausend komponiert wurde. Maestro Herman Makarenko f\u00fchrte auch in Czernowitz den Dirigentenstab.<\/span><\/p>\n

Die Frage ist, warum war das Werk, mit Ausnahme einer einzigen Arie, \u00fcber Jahrhunderte verschollen. Mykola Prodanchuk, der Czernowitzer Direktor des toxikologischen Institutes in Kyiv, hat dazu eine eigene Theorie. Das Werk war nicht verschollen, sondern absichtlich versteckt. Von Dmytro Bortniansky pers\u00f6nlich.<\/span><\/p>\n

Es war zu brisant f\u00fcr die damalige Zeit des Absolutismus. Nicht musikalisch, sondern von der inhaltlichen Botschaft. Der K\u00f6nig entwickelt sich zum Tyrannen, wird gest\u00fcrzt. Doch es wird nicht ein neuer K\u00f6nig auf den Thron gesetzt. Antigone besitzt nicht nur Mut sondern auch Sinn f\u00fcr Gerechtigkeit. Die Oper endet mit einer Wahl, einer demokratischen Wahl. Sie pr\u00e4sentiert damit eine politische Botschaft, die in der damaligen Zeit eine Gefahr f\u00fcr alle Beteiligten dargestellt h\u00e4tte. Wahrscheinlich w\u00e4re das Werk vernichtet worden. Deshalb, so die These von Direktor Prodanchuk, habe der Komponist sie selbst versteckt, um sie dem Zugriff der absolutistischen Beh\u00f6rden und damit wohl der Vernichtung zu entziehen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Volkswahl in der Zeit des Absolutismus<\/span><\/h5>\n

Die Symbolik der Wahl ist dann noch eine weitere Abgrenzung der Ukraine gegen\u00fcber Russland. Denn in der europ\u00e4ischen Ukraine konnte sich nach der Herausl\u00f6sung aus der Sowjetunion und damit aus der Herrschaft Moskaus eine Demokratie entwickeln. Im Reich Moskaus hingegen wird die Zeit gerade zur\u00fcckgedreht in den Absolutismus.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Aus dem Reich Moskaus kam auch eine St\u00f6rung der Auff\u00fchrung in Czernowitz. Luftalarm. Russische MiG31 waren aufgestiegen. Das sind die einzigen Kampfflieger Putins, die \u00dcberschallraketen tragen k\u00f6nnen. Also galt der Luftalarm f\u00fcr die gesamte Ukraine. Knapp eine halbe Stunde hat die Unterbrechung gedauert, die Bukowina war wieder sicher, die Auff\u00fchrung wurde fortgesetzt, mit noch mehr Begeisterung, die sich schon im mehrfachen Szenenapplaus gezeigt hatte.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kampf gegen Despotie und f\u00fcr die Freiheit<\/span><\/h5>\n

Wie dr\u00fcckte es Maestro Makarenko aus? Sowohl die Oper selbst als auch der Zeitpunkt der Urauff\u00fchrung mitten im Krieg ist ein Symbol f\u00fcr die Widerstandsf\u00e4higkeit des ukrainischen Volkes, f\u00fcr den Kampf gegen Despotie und f\u00fcr Freiheit, f\u00fcr die Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit der Ukraine zu Europa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Copyright Fotos: Maksym Kozmenko<\/p>\n

Opera Premiere in the Midst of War<\/h2>\n

In Chernivtsi, Ukraine, a lost opera that had been missing for almost 250 years was performed again. Dmytro Bortniansky composed it in Venice. In a revolutionary move for the era of absolutism, the opera ends with the public election of a ruler.<\/p>\n

By Rainhard Kloucek<\/p>\n

Translation: Oksana Schocher<\/p>\n

We are heading to the toxicology institute (in Kyiv). This invitation seemed somewhat bizarre, as we had arranged to meet with the people organizing the premiere of the opera, which had been lost for nearly a quarter of a millennium. Although the term \u201cpremiere\u201d is not entirely accurate. The opera was premiered in 1776 (almost 250 years ago) at the Teatro San Benedetto in Venice. But in Ukraine, one can expect plenty surprises. The Toxicology Institute in Kyiv is a state institution. But it is privately funded.<\/p>\n

As this works well, the management, in consultation with the staff, has decided to support cultural initiatives. Some of this cultural involvement can be viewed in a gallery at the institute.<\/p>\n

Town festival to honor the granting of city rights<\/h5>\n

However, its other part, namely the \u201cpremiere\u201d of the opera, was presented on October 3. In Chernivtsi, in Bukovina, the western region of Ukraine that came under Austrian rule exactly 250 years ago. Mykola Prodanchuk, the director of the toxicology institute, originally comes from Chernivtsi. The date of October 3 was no coincidence, as the first weekend in October marks the town festival in Chernivtsi, honoring the granting of city rights. Even at the time of Russia’s annihilation war against Ukraine. Prior to the opera premiere, a ceremony was held at the university to mark its 150th anniversary. This is also no coincidence, as the university was founded on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Bukovina’s accession to Austria.<\/p>\n

The Clever Calculation of the People of Chernivtsi<\/h5>\n

\u201cThis opera performance is also a gift to Austria,\u201d says Mykola Prodanchuk, \u201ca way to thank Austria and the many Austrians who support Ukraine in its struggle for survival.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The theater building where the opera was staged is a typical structure from the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, designed by the famous architectural duo Helmer and Fellner, who built many theaters throughout the empire. The residents of Chernivtsi were clever in those days too, according to reports, they decided to wait after the initial cost estimate. Helmer & Fellner would go on and implement the same concept in other places, which would make it cheaper for Chernivtsi. That was the calculation, and it worked out that way.<\/p>\n

The opera is titled \u201cCreonte.\u201d It was composed by Dmytro Bortniansky, a Ukrainian who is now being rediscovered as a significant composer of his time. He was in contact with Mozart and other great figures of the era and was highly regarded by them. He worked both in Venice and in St. Petersburg. The libretto for Creonte was written by Marco Coltellini.<\/p>\n

The Composer from a Cossack Family<\/h5>\n

Dmytro Bortniansky was only 25 years old and still a student when he composed the opera.\u00a0 He was born into a Cossack family; his father a military commander among the Cossacks, hence his noble, aristocratic background. They lived in Hlukhiv, the capital of the Ukrainian Hetmanate.<\/p>\n

At that time, Ukraine was not an independent state; Bortniansky\u2019s homeland was under Russian occupation. Because he also lived and worked in St. Petersburg, Russia often portrays him as a Russian composer. From today’s perspective, it is also relevant, as the Russian leadership denies Ukraine’s right to exist.<\/p>\n

Discovered in Portugal After Almost 250 Years<\/h5>\n

But Ukrainians will not accept this. Dmytro Bortniansky is an important part of Ukraine\u2019s cultural identity. His opera Creonte was lost for almost 250 years. It was rediscovered only in 2023, in an archive in Lisbon, Portugal.<\/p>\n

An orchestral performance has already taken place in Kyiv, conducted by Maestro Herman Makarenko. The staged production of Creonte in Chernivtsi thus marked the first full revival of a work composed a quarter of a millennium ago. Maestro Herman Makarenko was also the conductor in Chernivtsi.<\/p>\n

The question remains: why was the work\u2014except for a single aria\u2014lost for centuries?
\nMykola Prodanchuk, the Chernivtsi-born director of the Toxicology Institute in Kyiv, has his own theory: the work was not lost, but deliberately hidden\u2014by Bortniansky himself.<\/p>\n

It was too provocative for the era of absolutism\u2014not musically, but in its message. The king becomes a tyrant and is overthrown. Yet no new monarch ascends the throne. Antigone not only shows courage but also a sense of justice. The opera ends with an election\u2014a democratic vote.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

It thus conveys a political message that, in that period, would have been dangerous for all involved. The work would likely have been destroyed. Therefore, according to Prodanchuk\u2019s theory, the composer hid it himself to keep it beyond the reach of absolutist authorities\u2014and thus save it from annihilation.<\/p>\n

An Election in the Age of Absolutism<\/h5>\n

The symbolism of this election also underscores the contrast between Ukraine and Russia. In European Ukraine, after breaking free from the Soviet Union\u2014and thus from Moscow\u2019s rule\u2014a democracy was able to develop. In the \u201cEmpire of Moscow,\u201d by contrast, time is being turned back toward absolutism.<\/p>\n

From that same \u201cEmpire of Moscow\u201d came a disruption to the performance in Chernivtsi: an air raid alert. Russian MiG-31 fighter jets had taken off\u2014the only aircraft in Putin\u2019s arsenal capable of carrying hypersonic missiles. The alert covered the whole of Ukraine. The interruption lasted about half an hour; once Bukovyna was safe again, the performance continued\u2014with even greater enthusiasm, as evidenced by repeated bursts of applause.<\/p>\n

A Struggle Against Despotism and for Freedom<\/h5>\n

As Maestro Makarenko put it:
\n\u201cBoth the opera itself and the timing of its premiere in the midst of war are symbols of the resilience of the Ukrainian people, of the struggle against despotism and for freedom, and of Ukraine’s place in Europe.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In Czernowitz in der Ukraine wurde eine fast 250 Jahre verschollene Oper wieder aufgef\u00fchrt. Dmytro Bortniansky hat sie in Venedig komponiert. 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