{"id":5671,"date":"2020-04-24T17:31:29","date_gmt":"2020-04-24T17:31:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pan.thatscommunication.de\/spanish-flu-100-years-ago-and-corona-today\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T20:44:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T20:44:24","slug":"spanish-flu-100-years-ago-and-corona-today","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pan.thatscommunication.de\/en\/spanish-flu-100-years-ago-and-corona-today\/","title":{"rendered":"Spanish Flu 100 Years Ago and Corona Today"},"content":{"rendered":"

A century ago, the Spanish Flu brought death to millions. A retrospective and comparison, by Franz Schausberger. <\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u201cHow can one protect oneself? All of humanity cannot walk around in gas masks to avoid inhaling the infectious air. After all, the air is not infectious everywhere; certainly not outdoors, only in enclosed spaces, and more so where people live closely together. Therefore, schools must be closed, but not only after several cases have already occurred, otherwise it is too late, as is usually the case with measles. Schools must be closed immediately! Numerous hospital beds for the sick would, of course, be desirable, but this is unfortunately difficult to implement.\u201d<\/p>\n

This was how the prominent paediatrician Professor Emil Fronz commented on the current situation regarding the so-called \u201cSpanish Flu\u201d on 6 October 1918, after people in Austria also began to hesitantly realise the danger of this influenza pandemic. Sentences that sound familiar. <\/p>\n

In Europe, this dangerous disease\u2014which ultimately claimed between 25 and 50 million lives worldwide between 1918 and 1920, roughly 100 years ago\u2014spread from Spain. It was called the \u201cSpanish Flu\u201d because, as a neutral country, censorship in Spain was less strict than in the warring states, and the first news leaked from there. The real starting point, however, was in the USA in March 1918. More people died from this disease than there were fatalities in the First World War. <\/p>\n

The Austrian media first reported in more detail in June 1918, when the disease spread via Switzerland and Italy to South Tyrol, Tyrol, and the whole of Austria. It was suspected that the disease had been carried to northern countries by southerly winds. However, the danger of the disease was vastly underestimated: it was said to be generally very benign and harmless. It would disappear as quickly as it had come, without leaving any serious consequences. On 18 June, 47 cases were counted in Tyrol, followed immediately by many in Vienna. Consequently, on 22 June, the Innsbruck district authority ordered a \u201csummer retreat ban\u201d. The Tyrolean tourism industry did everything possible to have this ban lifted\u2014in vain. Many Viennese families who had already booked summer accommodation in the Innsbruck area missed out on their summer stay. <\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the Spanish Flu had spread rapidly across Europe. Berlin reported 18,000 cases of illness at the beginning of July. By 23 July, the disease had spread so far in Geneva that all pubs, theatres, cinemas, and churches were closed. Since 1 July, 126 deaths had been recorded in Geneva. <\/p>\n

On 20 September 1918, the youngest son of the Swedish King Gustaf V, Prince Erik Gustaf Albert of Sweden, died of the Spanish Flu.<\/p>\n

Finally, in Austria, the Reichspost also noted a \u201cdevastating spread of the flu\u201d on 28 September, which was racing victoriously through Europe and showing an increasingly dangerous, plague-like character. At the beginning of October, thousands of deaths were counted in the Padua area. In the last week of September, 199 deaths from the Spanish Flu were mourned in Vienna. It was not until 7 October that the Mayor of Vienna, Weiskirchner, ordered the closure of schools in the city area for one week; the closure of kindergartens followed on 18 October. <\/p>\n

The only country with a Ministry of Public Health<\/h5>\n

On 24 November 1917, Austria became the first and only country in Europe to establish an Imperial-Royal Ministry of Public Health. However, the first Minister of Health, Professor Ivan Horbaczewski, a chemist originally from Galicia, was not appointed until 30 July 1918. On 9 October 1918, he had to answer questions about the Spanish Flu in the House of Deputies of the Imperial Council. It was the only time that the deputies dealt with this topic. <\/p>\n

Contrary to the population’s fears that it was the pneumonic plague, the Minister stated that, according to explanations from the famous bacteriologist Prof. Anton Ghon from Prague, this epidemic had nothing to do with a plague. Despite the large number of deaths, the flu generally took a benign course. A spread in Austria could not be prevented, primarily because the pathogen was unknown. The German government had already been approached a month earlier regarding the provision of medication, especially aspirin, as only small quantities were available in Austria. To prevent hoarding and black-market trade, only small amounts could be sold to individuals. Doctors were withdrawn from military hospitals. People infected by those with only mild illness could also contract the fatal form of the flu. Therefore, even the mildly ill would have to be isolated, which seemed impossible. The Minister did not consider banning visits to coffee houses, cinemas, theatres, etc., to be effective as long as travel by tram and train and the purchasing of food were not prohibited. But that seemed quite unthinkable. A reporting obligation under the Epidemic Act was waived during this time of war and collapse due to the bureaucratic overburdening of doctors. Consequently, there were no exact figures. Separate flu rooms or departments were set up in every hospital. However, there were no emergency hospitals, so acute patients had to be turned away and accommodated in police stations. <\/p>\n

Those most affected were people between the ages of 20 and 30. People over 40 had\u2014in the view of the internist Professor Norbert von Ortner\u2014survived the flu during the 1889\/90 epidemic and thereby acquired a high degree of immunity. When there were 3,125 deaths in Vienna alone between 1 September and 19 October, cafes, cinemas, restaurants, theatres, etc., were finally closed. Subsequently, the pandemic flattened out somewhat, only to flare up again in January 1919 and haunt Austria once more in the spring of 1922. This was likely due to countermeasures not being consistently continued. Emperor Karl also fell victim to the last wave on 1 April 1922, dying of double pneumonia in Funchal as a result of the Spanish Flu. <\/p>\n

One of the first victims: Donald Trump’s grandfather<\/h5>\n

There were a number of other well-known victims of the Spanish Flu. One of the early victims of the pandemic was Frederick Trump, the grandfather of the current American President. He was born Friedrich Trump in 1869 in Kallstadt in the Palatinate, completed an apprenticeship as a barber, and emigrated to the United States in 1885 to evade military service. He opened hotels and brothels in several gold-mining towns and made his first lucrative deals there. His application for re-naturalisation in Germany was refused because of his illegal emigration. <\/p>\n

In May 1918, Frederick Trump was taking an afternoon walk with his son Fred when he suddenly felt so unwell that he immediately went to bed. Just the next day, 27 May 1918, he died of the Spanish Flu. <\/p>\n

A particularly prominent victim of the Spanish Flu was the famous Austrian painter Gustav Klimt. He had to be taken to a sanatorium following a stroke. On 2 February 1918, he was moved to the General Hospital to see Professor Karl Biehl due to complications; shortly afterwards, pneumonia set in, triggered by the Spanish Flu, to which he succumbed on 6 February, aged only 56. <\/p>\n

Six months later, on 28 October, the wife of the painter Egon Schiele, Edith, died of the Spanish Flu while six months pregnant. Three days later, Schiele himself succumbed to the terrible disease, aged just 28. <\/p>\n

Sophie Freud, the second youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud, who lived in Hamburg, died completely unexpectedly of the Spanish Flu within a few days during her pregnancy on 25 January 1920. Freud could not even travel to the funeral, as no trains were running between Vienna and Hamburg during this post-war period. <\/p>\n

The significant sociologist and national economist Max Weber died quite suddenly in Munich on 14 June 1920, at the age of 56, from pneumonia resulting from the Spanish Flu. He had shortly before been appointed Professor of Economics at Munich University, succeeding Lujo Brentano. <\/p>\n

There were also\u2014as one would say today\u2014fake news and conspiracy theories. For instance, the Hamburg journalist Philipp Berges spread the theory that the Spanish Flu was not an infectious plague, but a global mass poisoning aimed at the toxic gassing of the entire Earth’s atmosphere. This had supposedly begun with the firing of toxic gases at the war fronts. <\/p>\n

Spanish Flu and Coronavirus are not comparable<\/h5>\n

From today’s perspective, it can be stated that the Spanish Flu and the coronavirus are by no means comparable. The former was significantly more dangerous and resulted in many times more fatalities, who were primarily found among the younger population, in contrast to the coronavirus, which particularly endangers older people. What both have in common is that they represented or represent a major challenge for state crisis management and that the fight against them is essentially based on the Epidemic Act enacted in 1913. Demands for a uniform \u201cPublic Epidemic Act\u201d dated back at least to 1885. After years of discussion, the \u201cAct concerning the Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases\u201d was finally passed in the Imperial Council on 14 April 1913. It was not revolutionary and modern only in parts, and\u2014with minor amendments and a re-promulgation in 1950\u2014remains in force today. It includes the reporting and notification obligations for the sick, the isolation of the sick (quarantine), disinfection measures, closure of schools, restrictions on food traffic, surveillance of persons, prohibition of gatherings, evacuation of dwellings, as well as traffic restrictions for residents of certain localities and in cross-border traffic with foreign countries, and business closures. <\/p>\n

A major difference also lies in the completely different situation of Austria. The Spanish Flu hit the country when the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy was on the verge of collapse; people were struggling with food problems, exhausted and demoralised by years of war; thousands of war wounded had to be cared for; public institutions no longer existed or were not functional; there was a total lack of medication; doctors and nursing staff were completely overwhelmed; hygiene was lacking everywhere; the domestic political situation was unstable; and the measures taken by the authorities were too late and ineffective. In Austria, around 21,000 people died of the pandemic in the years 1918\/19. Thank God, we will be spared something similar through timely and targeted measures in a modern Austria of the 21st century. <\/p>\n

Franz Schausberger, University Professor of Modern Austrian History. Former Governor of Salzburg. Chairman of the Institute of the Regions of Europe. <\/em><\/p>\n

The featured image shows the grandparents of US President Donald Trump, whose grandfather was among the first victims of the Spanish Flu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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